The recent announcement by Cameroon’s 92-year-old President Paul Biya to seek re-election has sparked debate about the role of age and tenure in African leadership. Biya, who has been in power since 1982, is not only one of the oldest heads of state globally but also one of the longest-serving presidents in Africa.

Africa’s Longest-Serving Presidents

• Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (Equatorial Guinea): 46 years in power, known for his authoritarian rule and allegations of human rights abuses
• Paul Biya (Cameroon): 43 years in power, facing criticism for stifling democratic development and economic growth
• Denis Sassou Nguesso (Republic of the Congo): 40 years in power (non-consecutive), accused of using constitutional changes to extend his rule
• Yoweri Museveni (Uganda): 39 years in power, criticized for human rights limitations and authoritarianism
• King Mswati III (Eswatini): 39 years in power, ruling as an absolute monarch

Global Perspective: Are World Leaders Older Today?

According to Pew Research, the median age of current national leaders is 62, with 19% of leaders in their 70s and 5% in their 80s. The United States, with President Joe Biden, is one of only three countries with a leader aged 80 or older. Notably, countries with less freedom tend to have older leaders, with a median age of 68 compared to 60 in free countries ¹.

Implications of Long-Serving Leaders

While some argue that long-serving leaders provide stability and continuity, others point to the risks of authoritarianism, human rights abuses, and stagnation. In Africa, the legacy of long-serving leaders is complex, with some leaders credited with economic development and others accused of corruption and suppressing dissent.

Cameroon’s Election Controversy

Biya’s re-election bid has sparked controversy, with opposition parties and civil society groups questioning his fitness to rule. The electoral commission has rejected the candidacy of Biya’s main rival, Maurice Kamto, raising concerns about the election’s legitimacy .

Conclusion

The trend of long-serving leaders in Africa raises important questions about leadership, governance, and democracy. As the continent continues to evolve, it’s essential to consider the implications of extended rule and the role of age in shaping leadership.